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Society of Automotive Engineers, an organization serving the automotive industry.

A straight thread port used to attach tube and hose fittings. It employs an “O” ring compressed in a wedge-shaped cavity. A standard of the Society of Automotive Engineers J514 and ANSI/B116.1

The viscosity classification of a motor oil according to the system developed by the Society of Automotive Engineers and now in general use. “Winter” grades are defined by viscosity measurements at low temperatures and have “W” as a suffix, while “Summer” grades are defined by viscosity at 100ํํํํํํํ°ํ C and have no suffix. Multigrade oils meet both a winter and a summer definition and have designations such as SAE 10W-30, etc.

fluid factors that can enhance the accuracy of the particulate analysis. Such factors include particle dispersion, particle settling, and sample dilution.

The number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide (KOH) that combine with one gram of oil under conditions specified by test method ASTM D 94. Saponification number is an indication of the amount of fatty saponifiable material in compounded oil. Caution must be used in interpreting test results if certain substances - such as sulfur compounds or halogens - are present in the oil, since these also react with KOH, thereby increasing the apparent Saponification number.

the amount of water that can dissolve in a fluid.

the time in seconds required for 60 cubic centimeters of a fluid to flow through the orifice of the Standard Saybolt Universal Viscometer at a given temperature under specified conditions. (ASTM Designation D 88.)

Distress marks on sliding metallic surfaces in the form of long, distinct scratches in the direction of motion. Scoring is an advanced stage of scuffing.

abnormal engine wear due to localized welding and fracture. It can be prevented through the use of antiwear, extreme-pressure and friction modifier additives.

large twisted and discolored metallic particles resulting from adhesive wear due to complete lubricant film breakdown.

A device designed to prevent the movement of fluid from one area to another, or to exclude contaminants.

A group of parts, or a unitized assembly, that includes sealing surfaces, provisions for initial loading, and a secondary sealing mechanism that accommodates the radial and axial movement necessary for installation and operation.

The area between the seal chamber bore and a shaft in which a mechanical seal is installed.

It is either of the two lapped surfaces in a mechanical seal assembly forming the primary seal.

The radial distance from the inside edge to the outside edge of the sealing face.

The swelling of rubber (or other elastomers) gaskets, or seals when exposed to petroleum, synthetic lubricants, or hydraulic fluids. Seal materials vary widely in their resistance to the effect of such fluids. Some seals are designed so that a moderate amount of swelling improves sealing action.

any substance having the attributes of both a solid and a liquid. Similar to semiliquid but being more closely related to a solid than a liquid. More generally, any substance in which the force required to produce a deformation depends both on the magnitude and on the rate of the deformation.

A valve which modulates output as a function of an input command.

Large ferrous particles which are produced by sliding contacts. Trend is important to determine whether abnormal wear is taking place.

rate at which adjacent layers of fluid move with respect to each other, usually expressed as reciprocal seconds.

frictional force overcome in sliding one "layer" of fluid along another, as in any fluid flow. The shear stress of a petroleum oil or other Newtonian fluid at a given temperature varies directly with shear rate (velocity). The ratio between shear stress and shear rate is constant; this ratio is termed viscosity of a Newtonian fluid, the greater the shear stress as a function of rate of shear. In a non-Newtonian fluid

contaminant particles 5 ¦m and less in size.

a failure generally associated with a valve which movements are restricted due to small particles that have wedged in between critical clearances (e.g., the spool and bore.)

filter performance tests in which contaminant which passes through a test filter is not allowed to recirculate back to the test filter.

a metallic or nonmetallic filter medium processed to cause diffusion bonds at all contacting points.