From the "The Practical Handbook of Machinery Lubrication"
Multigrade oils are made by blending a low viscosity oil with special additives called viscosity index improvers. For example, when these polymer additives are blended in the correct proportion with an SAE 15W oil, the oil flows like an SAE 15W oil at low temperatures and like an SAE 40 oil at high temperatures. The result is an SAE 15W/40 oil that will provide wide protection over an extended temperature range.
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